Carbureter.



APH N'I'ICIN FILL@ MAR. i. 1008 Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l,

Mg C/ Nfl W. J. CANDLISH.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.6.1908.

4 SHEETEN f Y? Ik venan W'Zam JMU/kyk W. J. CMIDLI'S,

UARTURETRR.

APPLIGA'HQN Hmm MAR. u

Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

'K4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

W. J. GANDLISH.

GARBURETER. APPLIUATION FILED 1/1AR.|3,1909` Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

4 SHEETS-*SHBET 4.

` known as gas tion.

WILLIAM J. cANDLIsH, oF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

'Patentednpn 8, 1913.

Application filed'march 6, 1908. Serial Nc. 419,497.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM J. CANDLISH, acitizen of the Unit/edV States, and resident of Chicago, Cook county,Illinois, have invented a certain new and Improved Carbureter, of whichthe following is a specifica- AMy 'invention relates to improved meansfor carbureting air and forming an explosive mixture for hydro-carbonexplosion and internal combustion engines, commonly or' gasoleneengines.v The quantity of explosive mixture required by such an enginevaries with the speed of the cngine-l and to accomplish the best-resultsthe mixture must be the same throughout the entire range of speedvariation. I n .the case 'f of the carbuieteis 'that are nowin generaluse, an air pipe or duct is connected to the intake port or ports of theengine and, by means differing slightly in different devices, a smalljet or spray of gasolene isinjected into the passage at the moment thatair is drawn through it .by the down or suction Stroke of the enginepiston@ Except in car- Y bureters which have automatic auxiliary airinlet valves, which allow the freer entrance of'air as the engine speedincreases; and to a -great extent, even in such, the proportions ofliquid and airare changed by'every speed variation, so'tliat the engineyields its maximum efficiency at only one Speed; 'that for which Athecarbureter is adjusted. The rea? son for tliis'is that the liquid isless responsive to vacuum variations in the admission or mixture ductthan is the ain-.Otherobjections to the carbureters of th'e present dayare incident to the use of various valves and adjusting devices whichoften fail to work as intended.

The primary object of' provide a carbureter to for gas engines whichshall reliably and automatically supof unvarying qually a constantmixture, ity, at all times, notwithstanding sudden and marked changes ofengine speed.

Another object of the in'.'ention is to diS-- pense with or avoid theuse ottheseveral movable and adjustable parts and valves now so commonlymet with in the make up of carbureters, and the disorder of any one ofwhich, prevents the proper' working of the engine. i

Still further objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

My invention consists, generally, in a contherein Ations of thecarbureter- "resist orA appear in my invention isl tainer or chamberwherein the mixture is made, in combination' wit-hmeans for maintaininga substantially constant body of liquid in said chamber, an air duct orducts for directing many small streams vof'air into the bodymf liquid tobe carburetedthereby,

and an outlet chamber or duct communicating Wit-li the containerforcarrying away the carbureted air or mixture.

The invention. also consists in various novel constructions,arrangements and comqi binations of parts all as hereinafter describedand particularly pointed out in the claims.

' My invention will be more -readily understood by. reference totheaccompanying Adrawings forming a part of this specification 4and inwhich;

Figure 'l is a side elevation of a carbureter embodying my invention;Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical section of the carburetr shown in Fig` l.Fig. 3 is a horizontal section 4on the line of Fig. 2; Figs.' 4 and 5are plan and edge views of mechanical 'ixers or disks of a modifiedform; Eigs. 6 and 7 illustrate still another form of the mixers, andFig. 8 illustrates a modified n form of the carbureter.

-As shown in the drawings, my carbureter in its preferred form comprisesfour prin' cipal portions, namely, the main chamber, A, in which the airis charged with hydrocarbon vapor; the mechanical mixer, B, preferablylocated in the main chamber, an out; let chamber, C, and means,hydrocarbon liquid such manner as 'to These principal., features `r'porall'of the forms in whic .my invention may be'mostadvantageouslyfembodied, of which only two are shown hereii Mycarbureter is pa-rticillA furnishing explosive, mixture to gasoleneenfinesand while' the ,carbureteijis adapted to the main chamber, in.maintain. the Liquid level l D, for feeding 'Y .-fiiesigned fororiiiselwith various` readily-vaporizable hydrocarbon liquids, includingalcohol, `,its chief use at'the4 present tiliiejis in connection withgasolene engine'sfamd'in describing the carbureter, suchv use will :bechiefly referred to. Thechamber, A,jas herein shown contains Vaj'body iwith aiiair admission duct or ducts which communicate with the-interiorof the 'chamber through agreat" numberroismall openf.

ings or ducts, in which the main sieam -01E of gasole'ne arid isprovided airis'lbrolcen up or subdivided into manysmall streams. Thesesmall streams of air rise or bubble upward through the bodyof liquid andthe air in passing through the liquid is saturated with gasolene. Anadvantage, which is at once evident; is that as the air will take uponly a given uantit-y of the liquid and becomes saturated at-the instantof contact with the liquid, the degree of saturation is butslight-ly,ifl at all, altered by variations in the velocity of the air, duev tochanges in the speed of the engine. Therefore my carbureter works withsubstantially vconstant effectiveness at all speeds of the engine towhich it is attached. At; times when the engine is operating at highspeeds andthe velocity of the air which forces its way through theliquid is great, in proportion to thefbody of liquid, the liquid islmixer and is,connected withjthe inlet port or ports of the engine.Various devices may be employed for maintaining .the body'of liquid inthe main chamber, but Aas one of the objects of myinvention is to avoidthe employment of moving parts and valves, I prefer to use for thepurpose, a' simple pipe, D, which opens near the bottoni of the mainchamber. Thispipe is connected with an air tight reservoir arrangedabove the carburete. Liquid will flow from the reservoir only when airis admitted to the reservoir through the pipe, D, vhence liquidwill beadded to the bodyof liquid -inthe carbureter, only when the' level'ofthe latter falls below the end of the pipe, D. As soon as the liquidrises above the open end of the pipe further entrance of air thereto isobstructed and the flow ceases.` The liquid feeding device thus providedis entirely automatic in its action and through its employment, I amable to dispensewiththe usual float and fioat valve, the disadvantagesof which are well known.

Having now described in a general way the nature and operation of mycarbureter, reference will be made to the details of that form thereofshown in Figs. 1 to 7. As therein shown', l, represents the main wall ofthe mixing chamber. The'upper portion,

^ 1', of the chamber is cylindrical; the lower porti0n,.l is preferablyglobular or spherical in form and contains an opening, 1', at

the bottom. This opening is partially provides the large number of smallperforations; or ducts, hitherto referred to. The

main chamber is inclosed by a cup, 3, the

bottom of. which is preferably hemispherical in form.' 'Ihe cup extendswell -up upon the vsides of the main chamber and the different diametersof the two parts provide an annular duct, 4. The top of the cup isclosed by an insect or dust excluding screen, 5, but

,closed by a screen or gauze netting, 2, which otherwise is open toatmosphere. The area bayonetslots, 7, in the cup. -Upon loosening thescrews and slightly turning the cup, the latter may be readily detachedfrom the remainder of the carbureter. lVhen so detached it serves as atemporary container for gasolene. -The Ascreen'remains'on the body ofthe-carbureter at such times, being supported bythe brackets, 5', thereon;its loss is thus prevented. The'- parts thus far deasy scribedconstitute t-he main chamber herein-` f before alluded to. The outletchamber, C, Yis contained within the casing, 8, and has a -floor, 9,which contains the opening 10. An

out-let duct,l11, contains a throttle valve, 12, the operation offwhichby means of the lever or arm, 13, is well understood. 'A duct, 14, isformed in' the casing, 8, diametrieally opposite the duct, 11, and isclosed by a valve vor leaf, 15, hinged at 16. A light spring,

17, serves to hold the valve against the seat, 14', formed by finishingthe end of the portion, 14. The valve is provided with an eye, 1,5', towhich an operating rod, 15, may be connected, as shown in F ig.q l. Thelower part of the casing is provided with a shouldered extension, 8 uponwhich the body part, 1, is secured by threads or other convenient means,as indicated'in Fig. 2. The upper part, 8,'of thecarburcten is connectedwith the admission or intake pipe of the engine (not shown) in the usualway, the outlet' duct, 11, being provided with usual threads, 1 1',forthe purpose. It will be noted that the floor, 9, is inclined towardthc valve, 15, and that the part thereof adjacent to the-duct, 11, israised to form the inclined shoulder or deflector, 9. The opening, 10,contains the gauze or screen, 10. The upper portion of the casing,8,1contains a cen-` tral boss, 8", which is threaded to receive thepipe, 18, which is the principal member of the liquid feeding device, D.The pipe vis adjustable inthe boss, 8, and after being adjusted issecured by the lock nut, 19. 20 represents the liquid pipe joined to thepipe, 18, by-a union connection, 21, and arranged to conduct liquid fromthe air tightreservoir or tank, 22, (see Fig. 1). The pipe de- 4scendsinto the chamber, A, and is concent-ic therewith. Itsv lower lend isopen and preferably extends slightly below the center of the sphericalportionof the liquid cham-- ber. v.As before stated the up-draft of airthrou'vh the liquid violently agitates the lat ter an to preserve aquiet zone atj the lower e'nd'of thefeed pipe, 18, I preferably equipthes'ame with a h'oll'ow,ball on sphere, 23,

having a plurality of slots, 24,',inlits upper part and closed inthelower part, e`` t for a small opening, 25. tionofthe body, 1, contains aplurality of gauze screens, A26, and a plurality of perforated disks ordetlectors, 27. The lowerdisk rests upon a shoulder, l, formed on -thepart, l, and the disks are provided with del `may be `of v ions forms.

The bent down port1ons,-.27",

pending flanges, 27', so that one rests upon `Athe other. The disk orgauze, 26, at `the 20 v shoulder, 8,' 0* the casing, 8.A The disks, 2l,

`vided between the lower and the upper parts of the main chamber. l Inlieu of the disks, 27, shown in Figs. 2 and 3, I may employ a pluralityof disks'containing a large number 'Whatever the form ofthe disksnrthe-'sum'of ,of round holes, 28, as shown in Figs. l and 5; or such ascontain curved slo'ts and'deflectors, 29, as illustrated in Figs. (Sand7.

- the areas of the opening'stherein approxi'- mates Vand preferablyexceeds the area of the opening at the lower end of the chamber.

las

The operation vof the carburetor shown in Figsl to 7 is'as follows: Thecarbureter is connected with the intake duct and port of the engine. Theadmission 'valve of the engine opens at the mpmen-t that the pistonstarts its down stroke and the latter operatthrough the screen,V

body of gasolene in .the mixing chamber. The bubbles V.of air arethoroughly' carbu-- ing in the cylinder creates a vacfuum in the ductand hence in thc carburetor connected therewith` This causes air t opass down `throughthe annular duct, 4, of the carbureter. YVhen theengine is not in opera'- Ation the whole lower pa-rt of thc carbureterfills with gasolene, as shown in Fig. 2, but at other times the pressureof the air. upon the liquid inthe duct, 4,-forcesthe liquid down andinwardly and th air passes up 2, divided into many small streams as itpasses thrpugh the multiplicity of openings orducts and which streamsfindthcir Way upward through the retedlthrough 'contact .with theliquidjand the oarbureted air rises into the upper` part bureter.

of the carburetingohamber. .At this-point the streams of alrf encounterthe'obstruc' tions offered by theseveral parts `c ithe mixer, B, and inpassingr as mayliave' been elevatedthereby and have. not been vaporizedand the process .of admixin the air'and vapor is completed. TheAparticesor globules'of liquid that arear- ,A rested by the disks andscreens, 26 and-27,

fall back into the lower. ber, though a portionl of t ieliquid 1sdoubtless taken up by the airnotalreadyfully artl of the cham-1 throughthe mixer the air isrobbed of suol portionsof l1qmdsaturated at the timeit'reache's the mixer.` i

From the upper part of the chamber theexfplosive mixture passes throughthescreen, 10', and'into the outlet chamber, lC, whence it is drawn offthrough the duetfll, by the suction of vthe engine as explained.`,-Thef' quant-ity of mixture admitted to the en ine is controlled bymeans of the throttle va Ve,

1 2. Inevent of a prematureor back .eX-' v plosion in"'the. admissionduct-ofthe' engine, the ignited and expandinggases drive through theduct and force open'the ba ck relief valve, 15, thus finding` animmediate escape to 'the atmosphere. `The screen-0 1' gauze, A,10,prevents communication ofthe flame to the body'of 'gas in the lower partI of the carbureter and thisfactio'noftheA screen 1s assisted by thedeflectoi', 9f ,which tends to divert the stream of flame into theupperpart of the chamber, C,'fand away from the opening, 10. The iow of gasor.v

mixture from the carburetor may be interrupted at any timexby openingthevalve,'

15, and thusl admitting air drireotly to the chamber, C, and" shortcircuitingfthe carinders by.l admitting currents qf freshair This iso'f. use in clearing the eylthereto. The valve, 15, may 'also be em'-ployed for admit-ting a` small quantity of air at times when it isdesired to lessen or dilutetbe richness of the mixture.,

ceecls rapidly duringvth'e operation` above` described and withina shortspaceof time the level of the endpf the pipe,-.1S;v Immediately a'bu bleof air will start tlirpuglrtbrpipe to ard the closed reservoir anda dropof gasolcn'c.

'liquid falls belowthe lowerf will fall or flow from the pipe.Succeeding bubbles liberate further quantities of liquid and in thismanner the liquidv level isfrestored, suchA actionf'being repeatgdautomfats cally as longas any liquid remains inthe tank or reservoir.

shown, contains la' liquid and the level thereinisfat all -timcs thesameas the meanflvel 'inthe surroundingschamber. The advantage of the`vlclosure is that the liquidl directly-at the mouthof the pipeis I{ept'substa'ntially quiescent and'` this results 1n the more uniformfeeding ofl The small :inclosure or globev at the lower. end of theliquid pipe, as` sinull quant-ity of Athe n AAthe liquid, than would be-the case if the "`closure was not used. The pipe, .D, being threaded inthe part, 8 is vertically adjustable and by raising or lowering it, thedepth of the body-.of liquid in the carbureter may be variedat will. Itwill be noted that the sloppinfi or lateral agitation 'of the body 'ofl1qu1 in-the carbureter'is vminimized by 2-.tl1e spherical form of thelatter and further by the cone, 2, which breaks up'and prelvents theswaying of the liquid inthe chamber. VWhen vonly a. small volume of airis passing through the carbureter, the liquid.

will fnot be wholly displaced from the air inlet duct, 4, but when theengine is operating at high-speed and the throttle is fully open, thebody-of liquid is driven upward overcliarging of the Aair is thusnevented.

-In Fig; 8'of the drawings, have illustrated my invention in modifiedform. My purpose 1n sodoing, being to show that the invention is notlimited to-a precise or 'spe- ""cific construction or assemblage'ofparts.

In Fig. 8 the liquid chamber, '30, is supplied-with liquidfrom a pipe,31, which leads into a pocket or bell, 32, within the chamber,'30. Air,enters the pipe, 31, and

flows thence to the airtight tank, 33, in the back firing ofthe mixturewithin the car-V .same'manner as before described and -the liquid ceasesto flow from pipe, 31, as soon asthe level of liquid in thecont-ainerrises above the open endof the pipe. The an' is admitted to the chamber,30, through the intakepi'pe or duct, 34,and passing to the bottom ofthe. chamber, flows upwardly througlrthe perforated false bottom, 35,therein. The carburetcd air'on rising intb the upper part of the chamberencounters the screen, 36, andI above this are the oppositely rotatingblades, 37 and 3S. These are journaled on the upright shaft, 39, andbeing propelled by the upward moving currents rotate at high speed." Theliquid laden air upon striking the blades is furtherv brokenv up and'rendered homogeneous. Screens, 40 and 41, partially close t-he upperend of the carbureter fulfilling the otlices of mixing devices and alsopreventing the bureter. Y

As vvarious modifications of my invention will readily suggestthemselves to one skilled in the art, I do not'confine the invention tothe specific structures herein shown and described.

Having thus "described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patenti 1. Acarbureter comprising a carbureting chamberwherein the mixture is made, in combination with means fo'r supplyingthe carbureting liquid to the chamber, an air duct for directing many small streams of air into the body of the liquid in the chamber to becarbureted thereby, an outlet duct or chamber to receive the mixturefrom the carbureting chamber, an linclined floor, containing an openinv,interposed between said carbureting cham er and outlet duct andforming-a delectingv shoulder adjacent the outlet duct, and alperforated screen arranged in theopening thereof, as and for thepurposespecified.

2. A carbureter 'comprising a 'carbureting chamber, in combination withmeans for supplying the carbureting liquid. to the chamber, an air ductabove said chamber for admitting air thereto to be carbureted by passagethrough the liquid therein, a mixer in the upper portion of saidchamberv and an Youtlet chamber or duct to receive the mixture from saidmixer, an open floor or ledge inclined in the manner to make the highestportion adjacent the outlet duct, toform therewith a combined battle forintercept-ing supplying carbureting liquid to the chamber, a pluralityof air ducts in said liquid chamber for directing many streams of airinto.-

chamber to receive the mixture from the carbureting chamber and a reliefvalve 1n said the body of liquid therein, an outlet duct or outletAchamber or duct being adapted for,

use as an auxiliary air valve, substantially as described.

4. A carbureter comprising a carbureting chamber, in combination withmeans for supplyingliquid thereto, means for directing streams of airinto said body of liquid to be carbureted thereby, an outlet duct orchamber to receive the mixture from the carbureting chamber, apluralityof mixing 'elements having Ascreen Avmembers alternately interposed forpreventing the passage of liquid therethrough, a screen or gauzeinterposed between said chamber and Said outlet,

Aand a relief valfe in said outlet duct or chamber, said relief valvebeing operable as an auxiliary air valve, substantially as described.

'5. A carbureter comprising a carbureting chamber, in combination withmeans for supplying liquid thereto,.means for directing a plurality ofstreams of air into said body of liquid, an outlet duct or chamber toreceive themixture from said carbureting chamber, and an'obstruction ormixer inter-4 osedbetween said chambers, a relief valve 1n the outletduct or chamber operable also as an auxiliary air valve, substantiallyas described.

6. A carbureter comprising a earbureting chamber having a perforatedbottom and an air duct communicating therewith, the lower part of saidchamber being spherical, in combination with a liquid supply'pipeconcentric with said chamber and open at its- .lower end, an outlet ductleading from the and having a perforated bottom, 4and an air intake ductdisposed concentrically outside of said spherical part and communicatingwith said perforated bottom to prevent lateral agitation of the liquid,in combination with a li uid su ply pipe concentric with said cham er anopen at its lower end, an outlet duct leading from the upper part ofsaid chamber and a mixer interposed between said chamber and outletduct, substantially as described.

8.' A carbureter comprising a carbureting chamber having a perforatedbottom, and a cup o en at the top but inclosing the bottom of saidchamber, forming therewith an air duct communicating therewith, a liquidsupply pipe arranged in said chamber and open at' its lower end,aplurality of perforated members and mixing elements arranged in theupper part of said chamber and constituting a mixer, and an outlet ductor cham' ber communicating with the upper part of the mixing chamber,substantially as described.

9. A carbureter comprising a earbureting chamber having a perforatedbottom and provided with an air duct communicating therewith, incombination with a liquid supply pipe connected with said chamber, ahorizontal outlet duct at the top of said carbureting chamber, a reliefvalve therein, said duct having a ioor inclined toward said valve andcontaining an opening for communication between said chamber and ductand gauze in said opening, as and for the purpose specied.

10. A carbureter comprising, in combination, a carbureting chamberadapted to contain a body of liquid, means for directing a plurality ofstreams of air into the body of liquid, an outlet duct leading from thetop of said chamber, a liquid supply pipe arranged in said chamber andopen at its lower end and a perforated closure inclosing the end of thepipe, substantially as and for the purpose specified. Y

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, this 4th day ofMarch, 1908, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM J. CANDLISH.

Witnesses:

A. W. NELSON,

JOHN R. LEFEVRE.

